Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Comprehensive care, diagnosis, and support for women managing PCOS — at Femina Health.
What is PCOS?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal imbalance affecting women of reproductive age. It can cause irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and multiple cysts on the ovaries.
Common symptoms
- Irregular, infrequent, or absent periods
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Difficulty getting pregnant (anovulation)
- Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism), acne, or male-pattern hair thinning
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Darkened patches of skin (acanthosis nigricans) and skin tags
- Fatigue, mood changes, and sleep problems
What causes PCOS?
The exact cause isn't fully known but several factors contribute: Insulin resistance: Many people with PCOS have insulin resistance which can raise insulin and contribute to higher androgen production. Hormonal imbalance: Elevated androgens and anovulation are hallmarks of PCOS. Genetic factors: PCOS often runs in families. Inflammation: Low-grade inflammation may be involved.
How IS PCOS DIAGNOSED?
There is no single test for PCOS. Diagnosis typically uses the Rotterdam criteria — a doctor will look for at least two of the following:
- Irregular ovulation (irregular or absent periods)
- Clinical or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism (e.g., hirsutism, high testosterone on blood tests)
- Polycystic-looking ovaries on ultrasound
Doctors also rule out other conditions with similar symptoms (thyroid disorders, hyperprolactinemia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia). Tests may include blood hormone levels, glucose and insulin testing, and pelvic ultrasound.
Quick facts
Who it affects: People with ovaries of reproductive age, though symptoms can continue beyond reproductive years.
Prevalence: One of the most common endocrine disorders in people of reproductive age.
Key goals of care: Regulate cycles, manage metabolic risk, treat androgen symptoms, and support fertility when desired.
If you’d like a tailored plan, whether it’s fertility-focused, weight management, or skin concerns — our team at Femina Health offers consultations and care coordination.
